Students will engage in an activity that allows them to explore the different parts of percents: part, whole, and percent, and develop conceptual understanding of percents through the Concrete, Representational, Abstract (CRA) method of instruction.

Students will experience a hands-on lesson regarding ratios. While doing this, students will deepen their understanding of the concepts of ratios.

Students will listen to a book read aloud called If You Hopped Like a Frog that introduces students to proportions. Students will then create word problems for the different animals and their proportions in the story.

Students will create planters that meet specific perimeter dimensions. The students will need to determine the number of sides and the perimeter for their planter.

Students will utilize manipulatives to create concrete and pictorial strip diagram representations in order to solve multi-step multiplication and division word problems.

Students use a pan balance model and manipulatives to identify a total that balances two parts. The use of the pan balance will help to develop the concept of equality. Students will develop the language of equality by reading and identifying the following expressions; balances, is the same as, is equal to, and equal before the symbol for equality is introduced. Students will identify an unknown part in a balance situation. Students will communicate ideas, explain, and justify how they solved problems.

Students will use information in a real-world scenario to create a table or graph, translate the meaning of the table or graph, and identify the independent and dependent quantities.

Students will make connections between real-world objects and the attributes of two-dimensional shapes.

Students will participate in multiple centers including a guided math center that reinforces subtraction concepts.

Students will explore and create picture graphs through collaboration and group work.

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) Vertical Alignment

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Students will be involved in a problem solving lesson in which they are to visually represent previously collected survey data.

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) Related to the Unit

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Students will solve one-step multiplication problems using various multiplication strategies such as objects, pictorial models, arrays, equal groups, repeated addition, and number lines.

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) Vertical Alignment

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Students break an array apart to represent the sum of two multiplication facts, showing the distributive property.

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) Related to the Unit

As we looked at the vertical alignment document document available to teachers through the Texas Education Agency and regional TEKS resource pages, it became evident why students struggle with this standard. The skills and knowledge within this standard are not addressed in the second grade TEKS. Students are also required to use multiple skills to correctly calculate the answer using the distributive property. The chosen standard is identified as a third grade readiness standard, which means that the intent is to help students develop a deep understanding of how to effectively use these skills in mathematics. This deep understanding is desired to help students at the fourth grade level since the standard is identified as a supporting standard.

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Students will self-discover how to multiply mixed numbers by using background knowledge of estimation, computations, and real world application of a recipe.

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills Related to the Unit 

In fifth grade, students will be able to multiply and divide whole numbers, which will lead into multiplication and division of decimals in sixth grade. That same year, they will model products and quotients of decimals to the hundredths place. This concrete model will lead them to a better understanding of the algorithm in fifth and sixth grade.

As fifth graders, students will model multiplication and division of a fraction and a whole number. The following year, students are expected to multiply and divide all types of fractions.

In addition, during sixth grade, students are introduced to integers (negative whole numbers) and will be able to model and solve all operations with integers. All of the skills previously stated will lead students to be able to perform all operations of rational numbers without models (positive and negative fractions, decimals, and whole numbers) in seventh grade.

Click below to learn more about the TEKS related to this unit. The highlighted standards have been chosen for this research lesson.